Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's site provides over thirty outline maps, predominantly unlabeled. Included are maps showing physical features, national boundaries, continents, and climate from various hemispherical perspectives. The site also provides two historical maps (1776 and 1860) for the United States.
From the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) "Provides information on the history, people, government, economy, military, ....for 266 world entities."
From the U.S. Department of State which includes facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, economy, and foreign relations.
BBC News provides "full profiles provide an instant guide to history, politics, and economic background of countries and territories, and background on key institutions. Also include audio and video clips from BBC archives."
From Population Reference Bureau. See detailed information about country, regional, and global population patterns. Also provides "up-to-date demographic, health, and environment data for all the countries and major regions in the world."
A massive central data source and a handy way to graphically compare nations. NationMaster is a vast compilation of data from such sources as the CIA World Factbook, UN, and OECD.